{"id":5332,"date":"2018-02-01T08:57:52","date_gmt":"2018-02-01T08:57:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.czaki.pl\/?p=5332"},"modified":"2018-02-01T08:59:45","modified_gmt":"2018-02-01T08:59:45","slug":"thermoelectric-temperature-sensors-thermocouples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.czaki.pl\/en\/thermoelectric-temperature-sensors-thermocouples\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermoelectric temperature sensors (thermocouples)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thermoelectric sensors react to temperature changes by changing the thermoelectric force of the thermocouple built into them.
\nThermocouple – two conductors made of different materials, connected to each other at one end and forming part of a system that uses a thermoelectric effect to measure temperature (the Seebeck effect).
\nThe thermoelectric effect consists in creating a thermoelectric force due to the temperature difference between two welds: the measuring (combined ends of the thermocouple), which it acts in the measured temperature and reference (free ends of thermocouples), which is at a known temperature (usually 0\u00b0C).<\/p>\n

Thermocouple types<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Marking<\/th>\nType of thermocouple<\/th>\nTemperature range for
\nlong-term application
\n[\u00b0C]<\/th>\n		Temperature range for
\nshort-term application
\n[\u00b0C]<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
T: Cu-CuNi<\/td>\ncopper-copper\/nickel or copper\/constantan<\/td>\n-100 … +400<\/td>\n-200 … +600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E: NiCr-CuNi<\/td>\nnickel\/chrome-copper\/nickel or nickel\/chrome-constantan<\/td>\n-100 … +700<\/td>\n-200 … +1000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
J: Fe-CuNi<\/td>\niron-copper\/nickel or iron-constantan<\/td>\n-100 … +700<\/td>\n-200 … +900<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K: NiCr-NiAl<\/td>\nnickel\/chrome-nickel aluminum<\/td>\n-100 … +1000<\/td>\n-200 … +1300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N: NiCrSi-NiSi<\/td>\nnickel\/chrome\/silicon-nickel\/silicon<\/td>\n-100 … +1000<\/td>\n-200 … +1300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S: PtRh10-Pt<\/td>\nplatinum\/rhodium 10%-platinum<\/td>\n0 … +1300<\/td>\n0 … +1600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R: PtRh13-Pt<\/td>\nplatinum\/rhodium 13%-platinum<\/td>\n0 … +1300<\/td>\n0 … +1600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B: PtRh30-PtRh6<\/td>\nplatinum\/rhodium 30%-platinum\/rhodium 6%<\/td>\n0 … +1300<\/td>\n0 … +1800<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Thermo-electric characteristics of thermocouples (short-form data) \/EN 60584-1\/<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Thermo-electric potential [mV]<\/caption>\n
T \u00b0C<\/th>\nT<\/th>\nJ<\/th>\nK<\/th>\nN<\/th>\nS<\/th>\nR<\/th>\nB<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
-100<\/td>\n-3.379<\/td>\n-4.633<\/td>\n-3.554<\/td>\n-2.407<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-80<\/td>\n-2.788<\/td>\n-3.786<\/td>\n-2.920<\/td>\n-1.972<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-60<\/td>\n-2.153<\/td>\n-2.893<\/td>\n-2.243<\/td>\n-1.509<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-40<\/td>\n-1.475<\/td>\n-1.961<\/td>\n-1.527<\/td>\n-1.023<\/td>\n-0.194<\/td>\n-0.188<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-20<\/td>\n-0.757<\/td>\n0.995<\/td>\n-0.778<\/td>\n-0.518<\/td>\n-0.103<\/td>\n-0.100<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n0.790<\/td>\n1.019<\/td>\n0.798<\/td>\n0.525<\/td>\n0.113<\/td>\n0.111<\/td>\n-0.003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n1.612<\/td>\n2.059<\/td>\n1.612<\/td>\n1.065<\/td>\n0.235<\/td>\n0.232<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n2.468<\/td>\n3.116<\/td>\n2.436<\/td>\n1.619<\/td>\n0.365<\/td>\n0.363<\/td>\n0.006<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n3.358<\/td>\n4.187<\/td>\n3.267<\/td>\n2.189<\/td>\n0.502<\/td>\n0.501<\/td>\n0.017<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\n4.279<\/td>\n5.269<\/td>\n4.096<\/td>\n2.774<\/td>\n0.646<\/td>\n0.647<\/td>\n0.033<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\n5.228<\/td>\n6.360<\/td>\n4.920<\/td>\n3.374<\/td>\n0.795<\/td>\n0.800<\/td>\n0.053<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
140<\/td>\n6.206<\/td>\n7.459<\/td>\n5.735<\/td>\n3.989<\/td>\n0.950<\/td>\n0.959<\/td>\n0.078<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
160<\/td>\n7.209<\/td>\n8.562<\/td>\n6.540<\/td>\n4.618<\/td>\n1.110<\/td>\n1.124<\/td>\n0.107<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
180<\/td>\n8.237<\/td>\n9.669<\/td>\n7.340<\/td>\n5.259<\/td>\n1.273<\/td>\n1.294<\/td>\n0.141<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n
200<\/td>\n9.288<\/td>\n10.779<\/td>\n8.138<\/td>\n5.913<\/td>\n1.441<\/td>\n1.469<\/td>\n0.178<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
220<\/td>\n10.362<\/td>\n11.889<\/td>\n8.940<\/td>\n6.579<\/td>\n1.612<\/td>\n1.648<\/td>\n0.220<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
240<\/td>\n11.458<\/td>\n13.000<\/td>\n9.747<\/td>\n7.255<\/td>\n1.786<\/td>\n1.831<\/td>\n0.267<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
260<\/td>\n12.574<\/td>\n14.110<\/td>\n10.561<\/td>\n7.941<\/td>\n1.962<\/td>\n2.017<\/td>\n0.317<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
280<\/td>\n13.709<\/td>\n15.219<\/td>\n11.382<\/td>\n8.637<\/td>\n2.141<\/td>\n2.207<\/td>\n0.372<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
300<\/td>\n14.862<\/td>\n16.327<\/td>\n12.209<\/td>\n9.341<\/td>\n2.323<\/td>\n2.401<\/td>\n0.431<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
320<\/td>\n16.032<\/td>\n17.434<\/td>\n13.040<\/td>\n10.054<\/td>\n2.507<\/td>\n2.597<\/td>\n0.494<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
340<\/td>\n17.219<\/td>\n18.538<\/td>\n13.874<\/td>\n10.774<\/td>\n2.692<\/td>\n2.796<\/td>\n0.561<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
360<\/td>\n18.422<\/td>\n19.642<\/td>\n14.713<\/td>\n11.501<\/td>\n2.880<\/td>\n2.997<\/td>\n0.632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
380<\/td>\n19.641<\/td>\n20.745<\/td>\n15.596<\/td>\n12.234<\/td>\n3.069<\/td>\n3.201<\/td>\n0.707<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
400<\/td>\n20.872<\/td>\n21.848<\/td>\n16.439<\/td>\n12.974<\/td>\n3.259<\/td>\n3.408<\/td>\n0.787<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
420<\/td>\n<\/td>\n22.952<\/td>\n17.243<\/td>\n13.719<\/td>\n3.451<\/td>\n3.616<\/td>\n0.870<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
440<\/td>\n<\/td>\n24.057<\/td>\n18.091<\/td>\n14.469<\/td>\n3.645<\/td>\n3.827<\/td>\n0.957<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
460<\/td>\n<\/td>\n25.164<\/td>\n18.941<\/td>\n15.255<\/td>\n3.840<\/td>\n4.040<\/td>\n1.048<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
480<\/td>\n<\/td>\n26.276<\/td>\n19.792<\/td>\n15.984<\/td>\n4.036<\/td>\n4.255<\/td>\n1.143<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
500<\/td>\n<\/td>\n27.393<\/td>\n20.644<\/td>\n16.748<\/td>\n4.233<\/td>\n4.471<\/td>\n1.242<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
520<\/td>\n<\/td>\n28.516<\/td>\n21.497<\/td>\n17.515<\/td>\n4.432<\/td>\n4.690<\/td>\n1.344<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
540<\/td>\n<\/td>\n29.647<\/td>\n22.350<\/td>\n18.286<\/td>\n4.632<\/td>\n4.910<\/td>\n1.451<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
560<\/td>\n<\/td>\n30.788<\/td>\n23.203<\/td>\n19.059<\/td>\n4.833<\/td>\n5.133<\/td>\n1.561<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
580<\/td>\n<\/td>\n31.939<\/td>\n24.055<\/td>\n19.835<\/td>\n5.035<\/td>\n5.357<\/td>\n1.675<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
600<\/td>\n<\/td>\n33.102<\/td>\n24.905<\/td>\n20.613<\/td>\n5.239<\/td>\n5.583<\/td>\n1.792<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
620<\/td>\n<\/td>\n34.279<\/td>\n25.755<\/td>\n21.393<\/td>\n5.443<\/td>\n5.812<\/td>\n1.913<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
640<\/td>\n<\/td>\n35.470<\/td>\n26.602<\/td>\n22.175<\/td>\n5.649<\/td>\n6.041<\/td>\n2.037<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
660<\/td>\n<\/td>\n36.675<\/td>\n27.447<\/td>\n22.958<\/td>\n5.857<\/td>\n6.273<\/td>\n2.165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
680<\/td>\n<\/td>\n37.896<\/td>\n28.289<\/td>\n23.742<\/td>\n6.065<\/td>\n6.507<\/td>\n2.296<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
700<\/td>\n<\/td>\n39.132<\/td>\n29.129<\/td>\n24.527<\/td>\n6.275<\/td>\n6.743<\/td>\n2.431<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
720<\/td>\n<\/td>\n40.382<\/td>\n29.965<\/td>\n25.312<\/td>\n6.486<\/td>\n6.980<\/td>\n2.569<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
740<\/td>\n<\/td>\n41.645<\/td>\n30.798<\/td>\n26.098<\/td>\n6.699<\/td>\n7.220<\/td>\n2.710<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
760<\/td>\n<\/td>\n42.919<\/td>\n31.628<\/td>\n26.883<\/td>\n6.913<\/td>\n7.461<\/td>\n2.854<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
780<\/td>\n<\/td>\n44.203<\/td>\n32.453<\/td>\n27.669<\/td>\n7.128<\/td>\n7.705<\/td>\n3.002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
800<\/td>\n<\/td>\n45.494<\/td>\n33.275<\/td>\n28.455<\/td>\n7.486<\/td>\n7.950<\/td>\n3.154<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
820<\/td>\n<\/td>\n46.786<\/td>\n34.093<\/td>\n29.239<\/td>\n7.563<\/td>\n8.197<\/td>\n3.308<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
840<\/td>\n<\/td>\n48.074<\/td>\n34.908<\/td>\n30.024<\/td>\n7.783<\/td>\n8.446<\/td>\n3.466<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
860<\/td>\n<\/td>\n49.353<\/td>\n35.718<\/td>\n30.807<\/td>\n8.003<\/td>\n8.697<\/td>\n3.626<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
880<\/td>\n<\/td>\n50.622<\/td>\n36.524<\/td>\n31.590<\/td>\n8.226<\/td>\n8.950<\/td>\n3.790<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
900<\/td>\n<\/td>\n51.877<\/td>\n37.326<\/td>\n32.371<\/td>\n8.449<\/td>\n9.205<\/td>\n3.957<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
920<\/td>\n<\/td>\n53.119<\/td>\n38.124<\/td>\n33.151<\/td>\n8.674<\/td>\n9.461<\/td>\n4.127<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
940<\/td>\n<\/td>\n54.347<\/td>\n38.918<\/td>\n33.930<\/td>\n8.900<\/td>\n9.720<\/td>\n4.299<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
960<\/td>\n<\/td>\n55.561<\/td>\n39.708<\/td>\n34.707<\/td>\n9.128<\/td>\n9.980<\/td>\n4.475<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
980<\/td>\n<\/td>\n56.763<\/td>\n40.494<\/td>\n35.482<\/td>\n9.357<\/td>\n10.242<\/td>\n4.653<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1000<\/td>\n<\/td>\n57.953<\/td>\n41.276<\/td>\n36.256<\/td>\n9.587<\/td>\n10.506<\/td>\n4.834<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1020<\/td>\n<\/td>\n59.134<\/td>\n42.053<\/td>\n37.027<\/td>\n9.819<\/td>\n10.771<\/td>\n5.018<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1040<\/td>\n<\/td>\n60.307<\/td>\n42.826<\/td>\n37.795<\/td>\n10.051<\/td>\n11.039<\/td>\n5.205<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1060<\/td>\n<\/td>\n61.473<\/td>\n43.595<\/td>\n38.562<\/td>\n10.285<\/td>\n11.307<\/td>\n5.394<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1080<\/td>\n<\/td>\n62.634<\/td>\n44.397<\/td>\n39.326<\/td>\n10.520<\/td>\n11.578<\/td>\n5.585<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1100<\/td>\n<\/td>\n63.792<\/td>\n45.119<\/td>\n40.087<\/td>\n10.757<\/td>\n11.850<\/td>\n5.780<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1120<\/td>\n<\/td>\n64.948<\/td>\n45.873<\/td>\n40.845<\/td>\n10.994<\/td>\n12.123<\/td>\n5.976<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1140<\/td>\n<\/td>\n66.102<\/td>\n46.623<\/td>\n41.600<\/td>\n11.232<\/td>\n12.397<\/td>\n6.175<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1160<\/td>\n<\/td>\n67.255<\/td>\n47.367<\/td>\n42.352<\/td>\n11.471<\/td>\n12.673<\/td>\n6.377<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1180<\/td>\n<\/td>\n68.406<\/td>\n48.105<\/td>\n43.101<\/td>\n11.710<\/td>\n12.950<\/td>\n6.580<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1200<\/td>\n<\/td>\n69.553<\/td>\n48.838<\/td>\n43.846<\/td>\n11.951<\/td>\n13.228<\/td>\n6.786<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1220<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n49.565<\/td>\n44.588<\/td>\n12.191<\/td>\n13.507<\/td>\n6.995<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1240<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n50.286<\/td>\n45.326<\/td>\n12.433<\/td>\n13.786<\/td>\n7.205<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1260<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n51.000<\/td>\n46.060<\/td>\n12.554<\/td>\n14.066<\/td>\n7.417<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1280<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n51.708<\/td>\n46.789<\/td>\n12.917<\/td>\n14.347<\/td>\n7.632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1300<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n52.410<\/td>\n47.513<\/td>\n13.159<\/td>\n14.629<\/td>\n7.848<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1320<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n53.106<\/td>\n<\/td>\n13.402<\/td>\n14.911<\/td>\n8.066<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1340<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n53.795<\/td>\n<\/td>\n13.644<\/td>\n15.193<\/td>\n8.286<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1360<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n54.479<\/td>\n<\/td>\n13.887<\/td>\n15.475<\/td>\n8.508<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1380<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n14.130<\/td>\n15.758<\/td>\n8.731<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1400<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n14.373<\/td>\n16.040<\/td>\n8.956<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1420<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n14.615<\/td>\n16.323<\/td>\n9.182<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1440<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n14.857<\/td>\n16.605<\/td>\n9.410<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1460<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n14.978<\/td>\n16.887<\/td>\n9.639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1480<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n15.341<\/td>\n17.169<\/td>\n9.868<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1500<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n15.582<\/td>\n17.451<\/td>\n10.099<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1520<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n15.822<\/td>\n17.732<\/td>\n10.331<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1540<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n16.062<\/td>\n18.012<\/td>\n10.563<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1560<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n16.301<\/td>\n18.292<\/td>\n10.796<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1580<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n16.539<\/td>\n18.571<\/td>\n11.029<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1600<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n16.777<\/td>\n18.849<\/td>\n11.263<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1620<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n17.013<\/td>\n19.126<\/td>\n11.497<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1640<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n17.249<\/td>\n19.402<\/td>\n11.731<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1660<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n17.483<\/td>\n19.667<\/td>\n11.965<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1680<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n17.717<\/td>\n19.951<\/td>\n12.199<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1700<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n17.947<\/td>\n20.222<\/td>\n12.433<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/h3>\n

Tolerances for thermocouples (EN 60584-2)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Permissible deviations of thermocouples<\/caption>\n
type K,N<\/th>\ntype J<\/th>\ntype S, R<\/th>\ntype T<\/th>\ntype B<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Temperature [\u00b0C]<\/th>\n\u2206t<\/th>\nTemperature [\u00b0C]<\/th>\n\u2206t<\/th>\nTemperature [\u00b0C]<\/th>\n\u2206t<\/th>\nTemperature [\u00b0C]<\/th>\n\u2206t<\/th>\nTemperature [\u00b0C]<\/th>\n\u2206t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
-40\u00f7375<\/td>\n1.5\u00baC<\/td>\n-40\u00f7375<\/td>\n1.5\u00baC<\/td>\n0\u00f71100<\/td>\n1\u00baC<\/td>\n-40\u00f7125<\/td>\n0.5 \u00baC<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
375\u00f71000<\/td>\n0.4%<\/td>\n375 \u00f7750<\/td>\n0.4%<\/td>\n1100\u00f71600<\/td>\n(*)<\/td>\n125\u00f7350<\/td>\n0.4%<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-40 \u00f7333<\/td>\n2.5\u00baC<\/td>\n-40\u00f7333<\/td>\n2.5\u00baC<\/td>\n0\u00f7600<\/td>\n1,5\u00baC<\/td>\n-44\u00f7133<\/td>\n1.0\u00baC<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n—<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
333\u00f71200<\/td>\n0.75%<\/td>\n333\u00f7750<\/td>\n0.75%<\/td>\n600 \u00f71600<\/td>\n0.25%<\/td>\n133\u00f7350<\/td>\n0.75%<\/td>\n600\u00f71700<\/td>\n0.25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(*) For thermocouples type S and R permissible deviation is calculated according to the formula:: $[1+(t-1100)\u00b70,003]\u00b0C$<\/p>\n

Sheted thermocouples<\/h3>\n

Sheathed thermocouples are shielded by a nickel-chromium steel tube within which are housed the thermo-electric wires and isolation
\nmaterial in the form of heavily compressed manganese oxide (MgO).
\nThe material of the sheath provides the mechanical and chemical shield for the fused measurement end and high resistance to many
\naggressive environments.
\nAt one end the thermocouple is welded creating the fused end for measurement. The external shield is hermetically sealed by welding.
\nThe other end of the thermocouple is connected to a compensating cable, plug- socket connector or connector block in the sensor head.
\nDue to the heavily compressed isolating layer and the metallurgical structure of the thermo-electrode and sleeve, the thermo-elements
\nare bendable and can be bent to a minimum radius of five times their external diameter.
\nThe main advantage of sheathed thermocouples are: small external diameters, long service life and flexibility permitting them to be bent
\nand screwed in place, high resistance to shock and vibration and low thermal inertia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Marking<\/th>\nProperties<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
INCONEL 600
\n(75%Ni, 16%Cr, 8%Fe)<\/td>\n		good general resistance to corrosion
\nvery good resistance to oxidation
\nnot recommended for atmospheres containing CO2 and sulfur >550\u00b0C
\nnot recommended for atmospheres containing sodium > 750\u00b0C
\nmaximum operating temperature in air 1150\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NICROBELL
\n(73%Ni, 22%Cr, 3%Mo, 1,4%Si)<\/td>\n		excellent resistance to oxidation
\nmaximum operating temperature in air 1250\u00b0C
\nremaining parameters as for Inconel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PtRh10
\n(90%Pt, 10%Rh)<\/td>\n		very good resistance to collagens, acetic acids, solutions of Na-HCl
\nhigh resistance to oxidation to 1300\u00b0C
\nresistant to 1200\u00b0C in atmospheres containing sulfur and silicon
\nnot recommended for atmospheres containing phosphor
\nmaximum working temperature to 1600\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TANTALUM (Ta)<\/td>\nvery prone to oxidation above 300\u00b0C
\nvery resistant to corrosion
\nresistant to most acids and alkalis
\nreacts to cold solutions of fluoride and hydrofluoric acid
\nreacts with chlorine at high temperatures
\nvery high thermal resistance in vacuum, in neutral and reducing atmospheres
\nmaximum working temperature to 2200\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
TUNGSTEN (W)<\/td>\nlow chemical reactivity
\nhigh mechanical strength and hardness
\nresistance to sulfuric and hydrochloric acids
\nat high temperatures reacts with oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen,carbon and water vapor
\nmaximum operating temperature 3300\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Dynamic properties of sheathed thermocouples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Time constants for sheathed thermocouples of different diameters.\u00a0(Time to reach 63% of actual thermocouple temperature\u00a0after step change of the temperature of gas or liquid)<\/caption>\n
sheath diameter [mm]<\/th>\nisolated measuring junction (type b)<\/th>\ngrounded measuring junction (type a)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
0.25<\/td>\n5 ms<\/td>\n2 ms<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0.5<\/td>\n14 ms<\/td>\n8 ms<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.0<\/td>\n0.18 s<\/td>\n0.14 s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1.5<\/td>\n0.2 s<\/td>\n0.15 s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3.0<\/td>\n0.5 s<\/td>\n0.4 s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4.5<\/td>\n1.2 s<\/td>\n0.7 s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6.0<\/td>\n2.4 s<\/td>\n1.2 s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8.0<\/td>\n3.9 s<\/td>\n2.1 s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Thermocouple measuring junctions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\n1a<\/td>\nSingle measuring junction (single thermocouple), with galvanic ground connection with sheath. Short time
\nconstant. Measuring junction isolated from chemical and mechanical environmental influences. Applied in non-
\nconducting environments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\n1b<\/td>\nSingle measuring junction, galvanically isolated from sensor sleeve. Longer time constant. Applied in conducting
\nenvironments or where electric isolation from the measurement system is required.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\n2a<\/td>\nTwin measuring junction (twin thermocouple), with galvanic ground connection with sheath. Short time constant.
\nMeasuring junction isolated from chemical and mechanical environmental influences. Applied in non-conducting
\nenvironments. May be applied in demanding situations allowing continuous measurement of process temperature
\n(damage to one measuring circuit does not cause failure)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\n2ab<\/td>\nTwin measuring junction., isolated from sheath and connected together. Longer time constant. Applied in
\nconducting environments and when isolation from the measurement system is required.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/td>\n2b<\/td>\nTwin measuring junction, isolated from sheath and from each other. Longer time constant. Applied in electrically
\nconducting environments and when isolation from the measurement system is required.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n1c<\/td>\nSingle measuring junction, not protected or protruding outside the sheath, exposed.
\nShortest time constant.
\nMeasuring junction sensitive to mechanical damage and not resistant to atmospheric corrosion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\"<\/td>\n2c<\/td>\nTwin measuring junction , not protected or protruding outside the sheath, exposed. Shortest time constant.
\nMeasuring junction sensitive to mechanical damage and not resistant to atmospheric corrosion. May be applied
\nin demanding situations allowing continuous measurement of process temperature (damage to one measuring
\ncircuit does not cause failure).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Compensating cables (EN 60584-3)<\/h3>\n

Compensating cables are made of the same materials as thermocouple or an alloy substitute that is not identical to the thermocouple,
\nbut have the same properties as a thermocouple.
\nAlternative materials are used for K and N-type thermocouples and for thermocouples of precious metals type R and S (for B-type
\nthermocouples are applied copper wires in the temperature range up to + 100 \u00b0 C).
\nCompensating cables can be used in the temperature range up to 200 \u00b0 C.
\nWires for compensating cables are standardized in EN 60584-3.
\nThe thermoelectric voltages within acceptable operating temperatures correspond to the thermoelectric voltage for thermocouples
\naccording to standard EN 60584-1. Deviation limits for compensation wires are given in standard EN 60584-3.
\nCompensating cables are manufactured in two classes.
\nClass 1 – compensation cables made from the same materials as the thermocouple.
\nClass 2 – compensation cables made of the same materials as the thermocouple or substitute materials.
\nColour coding of compensating cables is in accordance with EN 60584-3.
\nWe supply cables to class 1.<\/p>\n

Thermoelectric temperature sensors made of thermocouple wires<\/h3>\n

These temperature sensors comprise a thermocouple conductor in a protection sheath. The maximum operating temperature of such a
\nsensor is dependent on the type of isolation of the conductor. Thermocouple sensors are made with the following isolating materials<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Materia\u0142
\nizolacji<\/th>\n		Temperatura
\nmaksymalna
\nprzewodu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
PCV<\/td>\n+80\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
silikon<\/td>\n+180\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
PTFE (teflon)<\/td>\n+260\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
w\u0142\u00f3kno szklane<\/td>\n+400\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The external cable isolation may be enclosed by a stainless steel braid or a stainless steel armored hose.
\nAs sensor core we apply thermocouple solid wires (diameter 0.5mm) or thermocouple stranded wires 0.22mm2<\/sup> , 0.35mm2<\/sup> or 0.50mm2<\/sup> .<\/p>\n

Thermoelectric temperature sensors with connection head<\/h3>\n

These temperature sensors comprises of a protection tube, measurement insert and a connection head with an internal terminal block.
\nThe insert may be a replaceable element of the sensor or not. Sensors are available with heads in several arrangements, which differ
\naccording to form, material of construction and dimensions.<\/p>\n

\"Przy\u0142\u0105czenia<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Dynamic properties of temperature sensors<\/h4>\n

Time constant\u00a0 (t) is the time, after a step change in temperature, which the sensor needs to reach a defined reading
\nTime constant (t05<\/sub>), is the time required to reach 50% of the step change in temperature.
\nTime constant (t09<\/sub>), is the time required to reach 90% of the step change in temperature<\/p>\n

Time constants are given for air or water under flow conditions.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thermoelectric sensors react to temperature changes by changing the thermoelectric force of the thermocouple built into them. Thermocouple – two…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5332","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThermoelectric temperature sensors (thermocouples) - Czaki Thermo Product<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Thermoelectric temperature sensors (thermocouples). Read the full post at czaki.pl website. 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